o Rossetti A, Gheller P. (2003). Manuale di optometria e contattologia, II ed. Bologna, Zanichelli.
o Kurtz D. Carlson Nancy B. (2004). Clinical procedures for ocular examination, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
o William J. Benjamin (2006). Borish’s Clinical Refraction, Second Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier Inc.
o Scheimann M., Wick B., (2002) Clinical management of binocular vision, accommodative and eye movement disorders, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
o Birnbaum, M.H. (1993). Optometric Management of Nearpoint Vision Disorders. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.
o Press L.J. (2001), Applied concept in vision therapy, Butterworth-Heinemann.
o Cron T., Richman J. (1995), Guide to vision therapy, Bernell ed.
Learning Objectives
To give the basic information to realize an optometric examination with prescription, considering normal and altered binocular vision.
Examination and prescription in particular visual clinical cases.
Prerequisites
Optometry I with Lab
Teaching Methods
Lectures and clinical Lab experiences
Type of Assessment
Written questionnaire with multiple answers, oral examination
Analysis and prescription of optical correction: Analysis, Graphics, interpretation and prescription for ametropias and eterophorias, Correction with monofocal lenses, Correction with multifocal lenses, Optocal Filter prescription, Refractive surgery correction, Intracorneal lenses correction, Intraocular lenses correction.
Special conditions: Newborns, Child and Teens, Ambliophic patients, Anisometropic and Aniseiconic patients, Severe ametropias patients, High Order aberrations patients, Geriatric patients, Low-Vision patients, Pathologic patients.